DESCRIPTION
Ranitidine is one of a group of drugs known as H2 agonists. It blocks the action of histamine on cells that inhibit stomach acid secretion. This drug is approved for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers, as well as maintenance of healed ulcers, dyspepsia, erosive esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux, and other acid-related problems. It has also been used off-label for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
ORIGINAL USES (ON-LABEL)
Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcers and benign gastric ulcers, long-term prophylaxis of duodenal ulcer, erosive esophagitis, gastric hypersecretory states, gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), prevention of upper gastric bleeding in critically ill patients.
NEWLY DISCOVERED USES (OFF-LABEL)
Chemotherapy induced anaphylaxis, prevention of recurrence of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, urticaria.
POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS
Headache, agitation, drowsiness, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting, blood disorders.
CAUTIONS
- Notify your doctor if you have allergies to other drugs in this class.
- Dosage adjustments may be required in kidney or liver impairment. May cause changes in liver function tests, requiring testing.
- Do not use for long term treatment without doctor supervision.
- Mental confusion and delirium have occurred in the elderly or in individuals with impaired kidney function.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Antacids,
metoclopramide,
diazepam, sulfonylureas, theophylline,
warfarin.
This drug inhibits a specific set of liver enzymes that are responsible for the metabolism (clearance or activation) of many other drugs, potentially increasing the risk of side effects or decreasing effectiveness. When these drugs are given in combination with cimetidine, dosage adjustments may be needed. As these are too numerous to list, you should always check with your doctor or pharmacist prior to starting a new medication, herbal product, or nonprescription drug.
FOOD INTERACTIONS
May be taken without regard to food.
HERBAL INTERACTIONS
St. John’s wort.
PREGNANCY AND BREAST-FEEDING CAUTIONS
FDA Pregnancy Risk Category B. Excreted in breast milk. Consult with your doctor.
SPECIAL INFORMATION
If taken with antacids separate by taking one hour before or two hours after the antacid. Avoid excessive alcohol use with this drug. This information refers to the use of the prescription product only.
In an article in the Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology from Leyenburg Hospital in The Hague, Netherlands, the researchers state that two studies show that treatment with this medication is more effective than such treatment with sucralfate in the prevention of upper GI bleeding.
Another study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, was based on a clinical trial involving 1,200 patients requiring mechanical ventilation.
Half of the people were given ranitidine and half were given sucralfate.
All were critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation, which placed them at increased risk for gastrointestinal bleeding from stress ulcers.
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding developed in 1.7% of those who received ranitidine, compared to 3.8% of those who received
sucralfate.
There was no significant difference in deaths or duration of stay in the intensive care unit between the two groups.
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